Arnold-Chiari anomaly is characterized by displacement and deformation of the structures of the posterior cranial fossa, including the brain and spinal cord. It is usually diagnosed in early childhood or adolescence, but can manifest in adulthood.

In the first form, cerebrospinal fluid is pushed outside the skull in the posterior cranial fossa, resulting in the formation of cysts (sacral cysts). Usually manifests in childhood or adolescence and can cause headaches, coordination and movement problems.

The second is a more complex form in which the brain and spinal cord protrude downward in the cervical and thoracic spine. The type of disease usually appears in early childhood or even before birth. This form can cause serious symptoms such as breathing problems and paralysis.

The reasons for the development of Arnold-Chiari anomaly are not fully understood, but it is thought that abnormalities in the formation of the brain and spinal cord during the early embryonic period may play a role. Genetic factors can also influence the occurrence of this anomaly.

Diagnosis at MDI Clinic

Diagnostic measures involve several steps and are performed by specialists such as neurosurgeons and neurologists. It is important to note that diagnosis of this anomaly requires specialized equipment and medical knowledge.

The doctor performs a visual and physical examination of the patient and identifies the presence of characteristic symptoms such as headaches, coordination problems, and weakness.

MRI allows doctors to examine the structures of the brain and spinal cord in detail, revealing displacements and deformities. MRI can also be used to determine the type and severity of the abnormality.

Ultrasound may be performed in newborns to evaluate for the presence of Arnold-Chiari anomaly. However, this method is usually used for preliminary diagnosis and requires further confirmatory studies.

Examination of cerebrospinal fluid taken from the spinal canal can help diagnose Arnold-Chiari anomaly and determine if there is increased pressure inside the skull.